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论变异基于“权势和同等联系”下汉语“你/您”和法语“Tu/Vous”比较

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摘要:人称代词是所有语言中不可缺少的组成部分。现代汉语第二人称代词包含两个变体:平称“你”和敬称“您”,现代法语第二人称代词也包含两个变体:正式的“Tu”和非正式的"Vous"。在特定的言语环境中说话者选用不同的第二人称代词,表明了交际者双方的联系以及说话者对听者的态度。汉语和法语都有着着交际活动的权势和同等联系,人称代词利用的势位原则主要体现在第二人称代词上,虽然“你”和“您”与“Tu”和"Vous"属于同一称代领域,其符号作用都是“第二人称”,但它们有着语用和指称区别。本论文基于“权势和同等联系”论述分别以社会语言学,文化,语用学这三个方面来探讨“你”和“您”以及“Tu”和"Vous"。通过对这两组第二人称代词的比较性探讨,我们可以分别总结出“你”和“您”以及“Tu”和"Vous"的历史演变进程,浅析出隐藏在两种语言下的中法两种文化的差别,还可以进一步探讨这两组第二人称人称代词在不同的言语环境和语用要求下的语用变异和指称变异。通过比较浅析这两种组第二人称代词的相似点和不同点,可以扩展我们对第二人称代词的认识,加深我们对中法两种文化的了解,同时扫除汉语和法语互译中的一些误解,进而便利中西方的跨文化交流。关键词:“你”和“您”论文“Tu”和“Vous”论文权势和同等联系论文语用变异论文指称变异论文言语环境论文

    摘要4-5

    Abstract5-8

    Chapter 1 Introduction8-13

    1.1 The distinction between the address forms and appellation8-9

    1.2 The knowledge of the personal pronouns9-11

    1.3 The organization of the paper11-13

    Chapter 2 Literature Review13-19

    2.1 The historical evolvements of "Ni" and "Nin"13-16

    2.1.1 The historical evolvements of "Ni"13-14

    2.1.2 The historical evolvements of "Nin"14-16

    2.2 The historical evolvements of "Tu" and "Vous"16-19

    2.2.1. The first period: "Tu" and "Vous" in the old French period16-17

    2.2.2. The second period: the contrary social relationship of "Tu" and "Vous"17

    2.2.3 The third period: the popularity of "Tu" and sopdarity social relationship17-19

    Chapter 3 Analysis of "Ni"/ "Nin" and "Tu"/ "Vous" from sociopnguistic perspective19-28

    3.1 Power and sopdarity19-27

    3.1.1 The Power and Sopdarity in "Ni"/ "Nin" and "Tu"/"Vous"24-27

    3.2 Popteness Principle27-28

    Chapter 4 Analysis of "Ni"/"Nin" and "Tu"/"Vous" from cultural perspective28-36

    4.1 The cultural backgrounds of "Ni"/ "Nin" and "Tu"/ "Vous"28-29

    4.2 The cultural differences hiding behind "Ni"/"Nin" and "Tu"/ "Vous"29-32

    4.3 The using spheres of "Ni"/ "Nin" and "Tu"/ "Vous"32-34

    4.4 The differences between "Ni" and "Nin" as well as "Tu" and "Vous"34-36

    Chapter 5 Analysis of "Ni"/"Nin" and "Tu"/ "Vous" from pragmatic perspective36-47

    5.1 The deixis variation of "Ni"/ "Nin" and "Tu"/"Vous"37-42

    5.1.1 The deixis variation of second person pronoun "Ni"38-39

    5.1.2 The deixis variation of second person pronoun "Tu"39-40

    5.1.3 The non-honorific pragmatic principle of "Nin"40-41

    5.1.4 The non-honorific pragmatic principle of "Vous"41-42

    5.2 The use of "Ni"/"Nin" and "Tu"/"Vous" in the social context42-45

    5.2.1 The emotional colors of "Ni"/"Nin" and "Tu"/"Vous"42-44

    5.2.2 The interchangeable use of "Ni"/"Nin" and "Tu"/"Vous"44-45

    5.3 The use of "Ni"/"Nin" and "Tu"/"Vous" in specific speech environment45-47

    Chapter 6 Conclusion47-50

    Bibpography50-52

    Acknowledgements52

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