本站原创摘要4-5
ABSTRACT5-8
List of Tables8-9
List of Abbreviations9-10
Chapter One Introduction10-14
1.1 Research Background10
1.2 Objectives of this Study10-11
1.3 Significance of the Study11-12
1.4 Terminological Issues12
1.5 Structure of the Thesis12-14
Chapter Two Literature Review14-27
2.1 The Notion of Traner14-17
2.1.1 Positive Traner15-16
2.1.2 Negative traner16-17
2.2 Bidirection of Traner17-20
2.2.1 Forward Traner17-19
2.2.2 Backward Traner19-20
2.3 Interlanguage Pragmatics20-23
2.3.1 Speech Act Theory21-22
2.3.2 Speech Acts in Second Language22-23
2.4 Pragmatic Traner in Refusals23-25
2.5 Rethinking of Bidirectional Traner25-27
Chapter Three Methodology27-33
3.1 Research Questions27
3.2 Participants27-28
3.3 Instrument28-32
3.4 Data Collection32-33
Chapter Four Results33-54
4.1 Forward Traner33-45
4.1.1 Forward Traner in Refusals to Requests34-37
4.1.2 Forward Traner in Refusals to Invitations37-40
4.1.3 Forward Traner in Refusals to Suggestions40-42
4.1.4 Forward Traner in Refusals to Offers42-45
4.2 Backward Traner45-54
4.2.1 Backward Traner in Refusals to Requests45-48
4.2.2 Backward Traner in Refusals to Invitations48-50
4.2.3 Backward Traner in Refusals to Suggestions50-51
4.2.4 Backward Traner in Refusals to Offers51-54
Chapter Five Discussion54-59
5.1 Explanation of the Results54-57
5.2 Imppcations for Second Language Teaching57-59
Chapter Six Conclusion59-61
6.1 Major Findings59
6.2 Limitations of the Study59-60
6.3 Suggestions for Future Research60-61
Bibpography61-65
Appendix A Engpsh Proficiency Test65-70
Appendix B Discourse Completion Task [Chinese Version]70-73
Appendix C Discourse Completion Task [Engpsh Version]73-77
Acknowledgements77-78
攻读学位期间发表的学术论文78-79