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动词不定式在英语阅读中经常出现，但一部分学生对于动词不定式的用法不是很清楚，笔者现对动词不定式经常用作的成分及用法搭配总结如下，希望能对学生有所帮助。
To learn English well is not a difficult thing.
另外，平时我们也会用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如，
It’s an honor to meet the director in person.
It was considerate of you not to watch TV while I was asleep.
It took me three hours to arrive at the concert.
The girl can’t afford to buy so expensive a bike.
The students volunteered to take care of the old people.
后面常见的加-ing的动词也太多了，学生要注意区分。记住下面的这个小故事，学生就知道那些单词后面需要跟-ing的形式了：“我无法想象（imagine）与忍受（stand）你冒险（risk）逃脱（escape）监狱，我建议（suggest/advise）你避免（oid）这样做，你不应否认（deny）而应承认（admit）错误，别错过（miss）这个机会，法官不会介意（mind）并会原谅（excuse）你的，别再练习（practise）越狱，希望你完成（finish）我这个心愿。”这样不是都记住了吗？
另外，我们常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语不定式置于句后，例如，
We consider it unreasonable to give up the PE lesson.
We all feel it nice to be able to visit the famous university.
The aim of this war is to fight for petrol.
My duty is to instruct my child to be a useful man.
Don’t force your children to play the piano.
My teacher instructs us to study hard every day.
常用的短语搭配包括in order to，so as to，only to do（表示出乎意料的结果），so（such）… as to…
Jay was the last singer to go to the stage.
His wish to meet the superstar has come true.
一感——feel
三使役——he，make，let
四看——see，watch，notice，observe
I heard my neighbor sing last night.
注意：使用被动语态时to 要还原。例如，
The student is often seen to go to school early.
Rather than stay at home， the child went to make snowmen.
5.不定式做表语时，一般要带to，但若主语部分中含有do的形式时，to可省去。例如，
What you should do now is （to） fix your attention on your study.
八、动词不定式的完成式
He is said to he left the position.
I hate to he quarreled with her.
九、省略结构
——I’ll try not to.
2.动词+疑问词+to do。疑问词when，where，who，what，which，whether，how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如，
When to lee for London has not been decided yet. （做主语）
Mr. Smith didn’t know whether to lee or stay there.（做宾语）
The question was where to get the medicine needed.（做表语）
十、否定式not to do
The policeman warned the children not to play on the street.
学生需要注意区别以下常见的用法：
8.go on to do 继续做另一件事，go on doing 继续做同一件事
我相信，学生只要掌握了不定式，不仅会对非谓语动词的用法会有更深层的理解，而且可以将不定式的一些固定句型用于英语作文中，使作文增色不少。学生只要多看多练，就一定会受益匪浅。
（责编 张亚欣）
一、作主语
To get up early has a good effect on our health.To learn English well is not a difficult thing.
另外，平时我们也会用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如，
It’s an honor to meet the director in person.
It was considerate of you not to watch TV while I was asleep.
It took me three hours to arrive at the concert.
二、作宾语
以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语：manage，neglect，swear（发誓），offer，plan，prepare，afford，agree，aim，appear源于：论文摘要怎么写www.udooo.com
，arrange，pretend，promise，attempt（试图），undertake（承诺），choose（决定），claim（声称），decide，demand，determine，wish，expect，fail，hesitate，hope，learn，prove，refuse，resolve（解决），seem，tend（往往会），volunteer（自愿做），want……例如，The girl can’t afford to buy so expensive a bike.
The students volunteered to take care of the old people.
后面常见的加-ing的动词也太多了，学生要注意区分。记住下面的这个小故事，学生就知道那些单词后面需要跟-ing的形式了：“我无法想象（imagine）与忍受（stand）你冒险（risk）逃脱（escape）监狱，我建议（suggest/advise）你避免（oid）这样做，你不应否认（deny）而应承认（admit）错误，别错过（miss）这个机会，法官不会介意（mind）并会原谅（excuse）你的，别再练习（practise）越狱，希望你完成（finish）我这个心愿。”这样不是都记住了吗？
另外，我们常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语不定式置于句后，例如，
We consider it unreasonable to give up the PE lesson.
We all feel it nice to be able to visit the famous university.
三、作表语
当主语是suggestion，hope，idea，aim，duty，plan，purpose等为中心词的名词，常用不定式说明主语的内容。The aim of this war is to fight for petrol.
My duty is to instruct my child to be a useful man.
四、作补语
不定式作补语时的结构为：动词+宾语+不定式，常见的动词如下：request，require，permit，tell，persuade，advise，allow，hire，believe，cause，challenge，encourage， urge，forbid，force，instruct，remind，select，send，invite，order……例如，Don’t force your children to play the piano.
My teacher instructs us to study hard every day.
五、作状语
1.目的状语。例如，
To keep warm， he put on lots of clothes.2.结果状语。例如，
They drove to the village， only to be told that theycame late.常用的短语搭配包括in order to，so as to，only to do（表示出乎意料的结果），so（such）… as to…
六、作定语
不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词后。例如，Jay was the last singer to go to the stage.
His wish to meet the superstar has come true.
七、常见的省略to的动词不定式
1.感官动词和使役动词后的to可以省略。
一听——hear一感——feel
三使役——he，make，let
四看——see，watch，notice，observe
I heard my neighbor sing last night.
注意：使用被动语态时to 要还原。例如，
The student is often seen to go to school early.
2.Why not…/Why don’t you…句式中to可以省略。
3.rather than置于句首时，would rather，had better，might as well后边的to可以省略。例如，Rather than stay at home， the child went to make snowmen.
4.but和except前是动词do时，后面的动词用不带to的不定式。例如，
Linda had nothing to do but stare at the ceiling.5.不定式做表语时，一般要带to，但若主语部分中含有do的形式时，to可省去。例如，
What you should do now is （to） fix your attention on your study.
6.由and和or连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去。例如，
My friend told me to calm down and try my best.八、动词不定式的完成式
He is said to he left the position.
I hate to he quarreled with her.
九、省略结构
1.在口语中，为避免重复，常用“to”代替不定式结构，例如，
——Don’t be late.——I’ll try not to.
2.动词+疑问词+to do。疑问词when，where，who，what，which，whether，how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如，
When to lee for London has not been decided yet. （做主语）
Mr. Smith didn’t know whether to lee or stay there.（做宾语）
The question was where to get the medicine needed.（做表语）
十、否定式not to do
The policeman warned the children not to play on the street.
学生需要注意区别以下常见的用法：
1.remember to do 记得去做，remember doing 记得做过
2.stop to do 停下来去做另一件事，stop doing 停止做某事
3.try to do 努力做某事，try doing 尝试做某事
4.mean to do 打算做某事，mean doing 意味着
5.regret to do 遗憾做某事，regret doing 后悔做某事
7.forget to do 忘记要去做某事，forget doing 忘记做过某事8.go on to do 继续做另一件事，go on doing 继续做同一件事
我相信，学生只要掌握了不定式，不仅会对非谓语动词的用法会有更深层的理解，而且可以将不定式的一些固定句型用于英语作文中，使作文增色不少。学生只要多看多练，就一定会受益匪浅。
（责编 张亚欣）