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立法中国刑事立法语言模糊性学年

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摘要:作为语言的固有属性之一,模糊性同样广泛有着于立法语言之中。刑法指由国家对威胁、侵害或危及公众安全和利益的犯罪行为予以禁止并对犯罪分子予以处罚的法律。“罪刑法定原则”(“法无明文规定不为罪”、“法无明文规定不处罚”)符合现代社会与法治的要求,这一原则目前已经被世界多数国家刑事立法所采纳。由此,刑法对立法语言的明确性具有特别要求。尽管明确性依然是刑事立法语言的首要目标,但是要完全消除立法语言中的模糊性不仅不具有现实性,同时也是不可取的。《中华人民共和国刑法》(1979)是新中国第一部真正作用上的刑事立法。但是自该项立法颁布以来,学者对其模糊性的批评就一直没有中断过。之后的刑事立法包括《中华人民共和国刑法》(1997)、单行刑法、针对《刑法》(1997)的八部刑法修正案以及多项立法解释。本论文旨在以法律演变视角对中国刑事立法语言的模糊性进行探究,以该角度对中国刑事立法的模糊性进行的探讨并不多见,希望本论文能够为该领域的探讨做出贡献。本论文首先对立法语言中模糊现象的理由进行探讨,然后浅析立法语言模糊性的功能,包括正面功能和负面功能。随后进入本论文的主体部分,先是以词汇、短语以及短句三个层面探析中国刑事立法中有着的模糊现象,然后对刑事立法的演变在消除模糊性的负面功能以及发扬模糊性的正面功能两个方面的作用进行了探讨。最后,本论文对探讨结果进行了总结,就如何应对中国刑事立法中的模糊现象提出了一些倡议,对本论文的局限性进行了阐述,并对以后相关探讨提供了倡议。关键词:模糊性论文立法语言论文刑事立法论文法律演变论文

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS4-5

    ABSTRACT5-7

    摘要7-8

    CONTENTS8-10

    CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION10-15

    1.1 Motivation of the study10-11

    1.2 Statement of problems11-12

    1.3 Purpose of the study12

    1.4 Significance of the study12-13

    1.5 Organization and supplementary explanations of the study13-15

    1.5.1 Organization of the study13-14

    1.5.2 Supplementary explanations14-15

    CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW15-22

    2.1 Vagueness and its related concepts15-18

    2.1.1 Definition of vagueness15-16

    2.1.2 Vagueness and its related concepts16-18

    2.1.3 Summary18

    2.2 Previous studies on vagueness in legislative language18-21

    2.2.1 Previous studies abroad18-19

    2.2.2 Previous studies in China19-21

    2.3 Previous studies on vagueness in the language of the Chinese criminal legislation21-22

    CHAPTER THREE VAGUENESS IN LEGISLATIVE LANGUAGE22-39

    3.1 A brief introduction to legislative language22-24

    3.1.1 What is legislative language?22

    3.1.2 Features of legislative language22-24

    3.2 Reasons of vagueness in legislative language24-28

    3.2.1 Inherent nature of language24-26

    3.2.2 Complexity and changeabipty of legal phenomena26-28

    3.2.3 Summary28

    3.3 Functions of vagueness in legislative language28-39

    3.3.1 Positive functions29-33

    3.3.2 Negative functions33-38

    3.3.3 Summary38-39

    CHAPTER FOUR VAGUENESS IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE CHINESE CRIMINALLEGISLATION39-66

    4.1 A brief introduction to the Chinese criminal legislation39-42

    4.1.1 Evolution of the criminal legislation39-40

    4.1.2 Features of the criminal legislation40-42

    4.2 Vagueness in the Chinese criminal legislation42-56

    4.2.1 Vagueness at the lexical level43-48

    4.2.2 Vagueness at the phrase-level48-53

    4.2.3 Vagueness at the clause-level53-54

    4.2.4 Summary54-56

    4.3 Vagueness and evolution of the Chinese criminal legislation56-66

    4.3.1 Role of evolution of criminal legislation in epminating negative functions of vagueness56-62

    4.3.1.1 From the Criminal Act of the PRC (1979) to the Criminal Act of the PRC (1997)57-58

    4.3.1.2 Amendments to the Criminal Act of the PRC (1997)58-59

    4.3.1.3 Single criminal statutes59-60

    4.3.1.4 Legislative interpretations60-62

    4.3.2 Roles of evolution of the criminal legislation in carrying forward the positive functions of vagueness62-64

    4.3.3 Summary64-66

    CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION66-69

    5.1 Summary66-67

    5.2 Suggestions67-68

    5.3 Limitations and recommendations68-69

    REFERENCES69-70

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