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Abstract: In the long development course of the western aesthetics, the relationship between science and aesthetics and especially between mathematics and aesthetics is highly closer. One of the remarkable characteristics of the ancient Greek culture is that the people had a greater interest than other nations in raising questions on nature. Because the people were not satiied with the imagination in the myth and poetic world, they attempted to ratio
Key words: Aristotle; Formali; Preliminary Exploration on Aesthetics
Pythagoras who was mathematician, physicist and astronomer as well as his multiple followers took aesthetics seriously from the views of natural scientific at the beginning.
The representatives who inherited and developed the views of Pythagoras from the two aspects (natural philosophy and aesthetics) mainly were Plato and Aristotle, etc.
The thoughts of Aristotle were summaries and synthesis the highest achievement of natural science and aesthetics of the ancient Greece at that time, and a long-term consistency was accomplished between the natural science and aesthetics during the period of the ancient Greece.
After the Idealist dialectics were proposed by Hegel of Germany, metaphysics was seen as world outlook and methodology that were opposite to dialectics. In Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, metaphysics was explained as a study related to philosophy, which is a study on the world as a whole; it was the first principle (thing-in-itself) theory.
Nature is a root or cause for the things with it as basic properties to be driven or still. This is Aristotle''s definition of "nature" in Physics .Aristotle thought that the trans-explanation to nature had to be based on the inner foundations or causes in nature itself, and also this explanation had to be layered and he steps to follow, just as the world in itself had layers and structure.
Therefore, the explanation of us to the world should be isomorphic with the structure of the world, but not externally-added giving. Aristotle, by relying on his genius logical reasoning ability, deduced this kind of structure with generic-specific relationship. That is the generic-specific layering structure between materials and forms and between potentials and realities, in which the most fundamental base is the realistic "individual entity", and the highest "generic" was a form of form, namely god.
There are two premises for the establishment of the metaphysics of Aristotle. One is that a surpassing is necessary to exist over the existing things. Therefore, it is necessary to make a distinction among subjects, objects, phenomena and ontology, for the purpose of forming an ascending or upward pursuing process. The other is that it is necessary for such a process to he layers and steps to follow. Therefore, the second premise is to make a detailed inquiry on the causal relationship between things layer by layer, but not a granted assumption.
However, the end of this further inquiry is that the core of the metaphysics lies in existence questions, and what it needs to solve is the "ultimate cause" (i.e. final purpose) problem and other kinds of problems are Attached above this problem, and all of them are "existence" problems .
Xiaomang DENG also thinks that both natural philosophy and "the first philosophy" are derived from a metaphysical inquiry of human beings on the world after all.
Aristotle, in his Physics, made clear the purpose and theme from the very beginning, "if the object of a study is with primitive origin, causes or elements, the science can be known or understood only if these primitive origin, causes or elements are known well—Because the primitive origin, causes or elements of the object are known well, it is thought by people that this thing is understood well—Obviously, the primary subject in the studies on nature is that it is necessary to determine its origin" [3].
Therefore, it is not difficult to see that the different quality and different layers ofa thing and its causes as well as the relationship between the two sides he been presupposed in the inquiry on the causes. In such a way, the "philosophy" in t
Therefore, a dynamic tension that is beyond the self is formed, and its determined form is the metaphysics [4].
3.Formali under the Scientific Methodology
Generally speaking, the metaphysics of Aristotle can be described as the Plato''s theory, which was weakened by common knowledge.
The reason why it is so difficult to understand Aristotle is that it is very not easy for Plato and common knowledge to be mixed together [5].
Aristotle thought that except god, the forms of all individual things were on some ladder between potential and reality, and forms could be completely realistic only if they were in the lowest meaning.
Just like the researches on the aspects of physics, Aristotle agreed to understand nature from the aspects of properties, motive power and teleology, but not to think over nature from the aspects of quantity, mechanics and causal relationship.
Biology was a discipline that Aristotle paid his greatest attention to. It was thought by Aristotle that body and soul were an inalienable entity that could never be separated, and the soul was the primary quality of life and pushed forward body and also determined its structure.
In other words, the whole was in existence before the partial, and the purpose came into being first and then there was a realization to the purpose; without the whole, the
The Physics of Aristotle is a vigorous and delicate theory, but not an immature or still retelling of common knowledge. Russell thought that there was a close relationship between the two books Physics and On the Heens of Aristotle; although there was almost no a sentence in them could be accepted from the perspectives of the modern science, the two books actually exerted an extremely great influence and also ruled science until the end of Galileo''s age [7].
4.Internal Correlation between Aesthetics and Science
Greek science refers to the exploration of the Greeks on nature, and was called by people as the "natural philosophy" in the mediaeval times and in the early modern times. The philosophy under the conventions mainly refers to metaphysics and theory of knowledge; in the period of former Socrates, there was no such a definition, and such a definition was originated from Plato at the beginning, but completed by Aristotle. The original composition theory of the world in the ancient Greece was an activated thing under the stimulation of Parmenides''s thoughts, but not just an original speculation.Also, the planet astronomy in the ancient Greece could not be said to be the accumulation of the work of calendar calculation personnel without thoughts, but abided by and deduced the path that was determined by Plato.
Similarly, the physics and biology in the ancient Greece were the practices presupposed by the thought system of Aristotle, but not the inflexible and mechanical records on the technical or medical experience.
The schooling thought of Pythagoras revealed the great prelude the science aesthetic thought of the ancient Greece, and also started up the unified seeing world in which aesthetics is joined with mathematics and sciences.
This assumption related to the image of a unified world, through the development by Democritus et al, had become an
However, there were some people to think that mathematics had nothing to do with aesthetics.
For example, Aristippos (B35-BC360), founder of the schooling thought of Cyrenae, was the first person who wanted to expel aesthetics from the palace of science, and proposed that mathematics and sciences had nothing to do with aesthetics. He thought that all kinds of skills had both good andbad points, but there were no good and evil to be involved in mathematics and science. Aesthetics, as a great integrator of the aesthetic thoughts of the ancient Greece, pointed out that good and evil were also discussed and explored frequently in mathematics and science, and also there were a great number of evidences to be made for this. In fact, good and evil were not directly mentioned in mathematics and science.
However, the results or definitions of good and evil were proposed in mathematics and science. Therefore, it cannot be said that mathematics and science were not involved in aesthetics and good. Aesthetics and good are different: the good always exists in behior, but aesthetics can be found in the motionless things as well.
Thus, those people, who thought mathematics and science were not involved in aesthetics or good, made mistakes. Good is the ethical behior of a person.
源于：大学毕业论文www.udooo.com
nally explain natural orders, evolution and movement. The ancient Greek philosophers would make researches on the aesthetics when studying science. As one the ancient Greek representatives of the origin of the western culture, Aristotle was not only a philosopher, but also a great scientist founding multiple natural subjects, and his scientific thought and aesthetic theory are intrinsically correlated.Key words: Aristotle; Formali; Preliminary Exploration on Aesthetics
1.Introduction
The natural science and aesthetics in the western world were originated from the natural philosophy of the ancient Greece; the natural philosopher in the ancient Greece wound make researches on the aesthetic problems when studying natural science.Pythagoras who was mathematician, physicist and astronomer as well as his multiple followers took aesthetics seriously from the views of natural scientific at the beginning.
The representatives who inherited and developed the views of Pythagoras from the two aspects (natural philosophy and aesthetics) mainly were Plato and Aristotle, etc.
The thoughts of Aristotle were summaries and synthesis the highest achievement of natural science and aesthetics of the ancient Greece at that time, and a long-term consistency was accomplished between the natural science and aesthetics during the period of the ancient Greece.
2.The Establishment of Metaphysics
"Metaphysics" was the name of one of the famous works of Aristotle, and means "after physics". From the 13th century, it was used as a noun of philosophy for studying the knowledge beyond trans-experience, and also the nickname of philosophy.After the Idealist dialectics were proposed by Hegel of Germany, metaphysics was seen as world outlook and methodology that were opposite to dialectics. In Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, metaphysics was explained as a study related to philosophy, which is a study on the world as a whole; it was the first principle (thing-in-itself) theory.
Nature is a root or cause for the things with it as basic properties to be driven or still. This is Aristotle''s definition of "nature" in Physics .Aristotle thought that the trans-explanation to nature had to be based on the inner foundations or causes in nature itself, and also this explanation had to be layered and he steps to follow, just as the world in itself had layers and structure.
Therefore, the explanation of us to the world should be isomorphic with the structure of the world, but not externally-added giving. Aristotle, by relying on his genius logical reasoning ability, deduced this kind of structure with generic-specific relationship. That is the generic-specific layering structure between materials and forms and between potentials and realities, in which the most fundamental base is the realistic "individual entity", and the highest "generic" was a form of form, namely god.
There are two premises for the establishment of the metaphysics of Aristotle. One is that a surpassing is necessary to exist over the existing things. Therefore, it is necessary to make a distinction among subjects, objects, phenomena and ontology, for the purpose of forming an ascending or upward pursuing process. The other is that it is necessary for such a process to he layers and steps to follow. Therefore, the second premise is to make a detailed inquiry on the causal relationship between things layer by layer, but not a granted assumption.
However, the end of this further inquiry is that the core of the metaphysics lies in existence questions, and what it needs to solve is the "ultimate cause" (i.e. final purpose) problem and other kinds of problems are Attached above this problem, and all of them are "existence" problems .
Xiaomang DENG also thinks that both natural philosophy and "the first philosophy" are derived from a metaphysical inquiry of human beings on the world after all.
Aristotle, in his Physics, made clear the purpose and theme from the very beginning, "if the object of a study is with primitive origin, causes or elements, the science can be known or understood only if these primitive origin, causes or elements are known well—Because the primitive origin, causes or elements of the object are known well, it is thought by people that this thing is understood well—Obviously, the primary subject in the studies on nature is that it is necessary to determine its origin" [3].
Therefore, it is not difficult to see that the different quality and different layers ofa thing and its causes as well as the relationship between the two sides he been presupposed in the inquiry on the causes. In such a way, the "philosophy" in t
摘自：本科毕业论文www.udooo.com
he western world contains the most profound inner contradictions in itself.To "love wisdom", it is necessary to presuppose that the loved object (i.e. wisdom) is in existence currently, and otherwise there is only love but no wisdom. However, it can never integrate with wisdom as one entity forever. Instead, it draws a clear distinction with that perfect wisdom with consciousness, and sees the latter as a spiritual goal of its own and the closest absolute scale for measuring the spiritual degree it can reach by itself ("existence" or "god").Therefore, a dynamic tension that is beyond the self is formed, and its determined form is the metaphysics [4].
3.Formali under the Scientific Methodology
Generally speaking, the metaphysics of Aristotle can be described as the Plato''s theory, which was weakened by common knowledge.
The reason why it is so difficult to understand Aristotle is that it is very not easy for Plato and common knowledge to be mixed together [5].
Aristotle thought that except god, the forms of all individual things were on some ladder between potential and reality, and forms could be completely realistic only if they were in the lowest meaning.
Just like the researches on the aspects of physics, Aristotle agreed to understand nature from the aspects of properties, motive power and teleology, but not to think over nature from the aspects of quantity, mechanics and causal relationship.
Biology was a discipline that Aristotle paid his greatest attention to. It was thought by Aristotle that body and soul were an inalienable entity that could never be separated, and the soul was the primary quality of life and pushed forward body and also determined its structure.
In other words, the whole was in existence before the partial, and the purpose came into being first and then there was a realization to the purpose; without the whole, the
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partial could not be understood [6]. In Fauna, more than five hundreds of animal species were described by Aristotle.The Physics of Aristotle is a vigorous and delicate theory, but not an immature or still retelling of common knowledge. Russell thought that there was a close relationship between the two books Physics and On the Heens of Aristotle; although there was almost no a sentence in them could be accepted from the perspectives of the modern science, the two books actually exerted an extremely great influence and also ruled science until the end of Galileo''s age [7].
4.Internal Correlation between Aesthetics and Science
Greek science refers to the exploration of the Greeks on nature, and was called by people as the "natural philosophy" in the mediaeval times and in the early modern times. The philosophy under the conventions mainly refers to metaphysics and theory of knowledge; in the period of former Socrates, there was no such a definition, and such a definition was originated from Plato at the beginning, but completed by Aristotle. The original composition theory of the world in the ancient Greece was an activated thing under the stimulation of Parmenides''s thoughts, but not just an original speculation.Also, the planet astronomy in the ancient Greece could not be said to be the accumulation of the work of calendar calculation personnel without thoughts, but abided by and deduced the path that was determined by Plato.
Similarly, the physics and biology in the ancient Greece were the practices presupposed by the thought system of Aristotle, but not the inflexible and mechanical records on the technical or medical experience.
5.Joint between Aesthetics and Science
In the long development course of the western aesthetics, the relationship between science and aesthetics and especially between mathematics and aesthetics is much closer.The schooling thought of Pythagoras revealed the great prelude the science aesthetic thought of the ancient Greece, and also started up the unified seeing world in which aesthetics is joined with mathematics and sciences.
This assumption related to the image of a unified world, through the development by Democritus et al, had become an
源于：毕业生论文www.udooo.com
integral aesthetic appreciation concern of the natural philosophers in the process of making explorations on science in the age of Plato and Aristotle. In fact, there was not only one voice for this in the ancient Greece.However, there were some people to think that mathematics had nothing to do with aesthetics.
For example, Aristippos (B35-BC360), founder of the schooling thought of Cyrenae, was the first person who wanted to expel aesthetics from the palace of science, and proposed that mathematics and sciences had nothing to do with aesthetics. He thought that all kinds of skills had both good andbad points, but there were no good and evil to be involved in mathematics and science. Aesthetics, as a great integrator of the aesthetic thoughts of the ancient Greece, pointed out that good and evil were also discussed and explored frequently in mathematics and science, and also there were a great number of evidences to be made for this. In fact, good and evil were not directly mentioned in mathematics and science.
However, the results or definitions of good and evil were proposed in mathematics and science. Therefore, it cannot be said that mathematics and science were not involved in aesthetics and good. Aesthetics and good are different: the good always exists in behior, but aesthetics can be found in the motionless things as well.
Thus, those people, who thought mathematics and science were not involved in aesthetics or good, made mistakes. Good is the ethical behior of a person.
源于：大学毕业论文www.udooo.com