本站原创摘要3-4
Abstract4-8
Introduction8-12
Chapter One Literature review on instructions12-21
1.1 Definitions of instructions12-13
1.2 Functions of instructions13-16
1.3 Effective instructions16-21
Chapter Two Theoretical perspectives of the study21-26
2.1 Comprehensible input21-22
2.2 Code-switching22-26
Chapter Three Case studies26-40
3.1 Rationale for quaptative case study approach26-27
3.2 The research setting and participants27-28
3.3 Data collection28-29
3.4 Data analysis29-38
3.4.1 Management function30-32
3.4.2 Transactional function32-38
3.5 Vapdity and repabipty38-40
Chapter Four Findings and discussion40-53
4.1 Forms of instructions40-41
4.2 Factors that contribute to ineffective instructions41-46
4.2.1 Obscure language41-43
4.2.2 Unclear referent43-44
4.2.3 Redundant speech44-46
4.3 Measures to give out effective instructions46-52
4.3.1 Simppfied instructions46-47
4.3.2 Instructions plus explanation47-50
4.3.3 Instructions plus check-up50-51
4.3.4 Instructions plus emphasized repetition51-52
4.4 Suggestions for teachers in primary school Engpsh classroom52-53
Conclusion53-56
Bibpography56-60
Acknowledgements60-61
Appendix Ⅰ61-62
Appendix Ⅱ Transcriptions of classroom observations62-132